Critique of Julie Aberdeens Essay on the Writings of...

Critique of Julie Aberdeens essay on the writings of Langston Hughes during the Harlem Renaissance Aberdeens essay on Langston Hughes and the Harlem Renaissance had a clear theme that was supported throughout by many examples. While an actual thesis statement was lacking, or a title that would have provided similar direction, the content stayed close to the topics of striving for equality and cultural identity through the writings of Hughes. A good thesis statement for this essay might be: This essay will examine how Langston Hughes sought equality and a cultural identity through his writing during the Harlem Renaissance. The first theme of striving for equality was well supported by Aberdeen, through the use of direct quotes from Hughes poetry. The second theme of striving for cultural identity was supported in the same way, but elaborated further on this topic by examining Hughes use of the Black English Vernacular, and jazz and blues phrasing and tempo, in his poetry. If there were a dominant theme in this essay, it would have been striving for cultural identity. There was, however, a background theme that I identified in this essay. This was the implication that Hughes would not have written what he wrote if the Harlem Renaissance had not occurred. Im not convinced of this implication. The only reason I noticed this assumption is because I was captured by the essay as written. So this objection is purely a philosophical one and unrelated to how well the

Ice Cube ( O Shea Jackson - 1603 Words

Gangsta rap originated in the late 1980’s. â€Å"Ice Cube (O Shea Jackson) of the rap group NWA (Niggaz with Attitude) wrote the song Gangsta Gangsta, and it shocked America with its violent, sexist, and obscene lyrics. Gangsta Gangsta ushered in a new genre of hip-hop music called gangsta rap, which became identified with Compton, a predominately black and Latino working-class and working poor neighborhood in Los Angeles†. Many people did not agree with the sexist and indecent lyrics in gangsta rap even though the lyrics were telling the story of many people who lived in this reality. â€Å"Gangsta rap acted as an outlet so such people could express themselves angrily and not in fear that they were going to be silenced for telling the truth. They often used gangsta rap to tell the stories of their lives, which sometimes included strong violence, hypersexuality, and drug abuse.† This music style was new and different. Gangsta rap was authentic and helped tell a story with its deep lyrics. â€Å"During the 1990s, Republican and Democratic politicians and some black leaders blamed, not all hip-hop music, but gangsta rap for all of the black communities social problems: drug use, teenage pregnancy, unemployment, gang violence, and high school dropouts. Even though these problems existed in the black community prior to gangsta rap, this music and culture has provided a convenient target to avoid addressing the causes of the real problems of black America: racism, sexism, and poverty†.Show MoreRelated Violence In Rap Music Essay2087 Words   |  9 Pages 1986 an unknown rap group came quot;Straight Outta Comptonquot; and they called themselves N.W.A ( Niggaz With Attitudes). Eazy-E (Eric Wright) started this group along with four friends Dr. Dre (Andre Young), MC Ren (Geronimo Pratt), Ice Cube ( O’ Shea Jackson) and DJ Yella and they soon became the most controversial group ever to hit the industry. In 1989 they released the album, Straight Outta Compton, and a wave of fear was sent over the country, it was an instant classic. With disturbing song

Controversy Between Pro-Vaxxers And Anti-Vaxxers - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1183 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/07/29 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: Vaccines Essay Did you like this example? In a world of medicines and mommy bloggers, there is a controversy between pro-vaxxers and anti-vaxxers. The vaccination controversy cause an uproar for many people, understandably, its very polarized- you strongly believe in them or you strongly do not. For me, at the age of 15, I strongly believe in the Pro-Vaccine movement and I have data that can back me up. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Controversy Between Pro-Vaxxers And Anti-Vaxxers" essay for you Create order For starters, you may wonder ?what is a vaccine or ?how to do they work. For a general explanation, a vaccine is an introduction of a virus or part of a virus that allows your body to see it, to get used to it, to build up its defense, and to be protected if the real thing does come along. For a more in depth medical explanation, vaccines are replicating our body, naturally. If you are exposed to an antigen that you have never seen before, your body has to generate antibodies to fight this antigen- preparing its defense cell in its primary response- its preparing memory T-cell and B-cell. Therefore, when the antigen is presented again, the second immune response is much faster, and inside of greater magnitude, therefore its not going to have the same power that it would if you were in primary immune response made by giving ourselves a weaker form of the strain of antigen. Were preparing our body for that more powerful pathogen that could potentially infect us and kill us by not vacci nating. You can put the people around you in danger, if you choose not to vaccinate. Every contagious disease has a herd immunization threshold, which is a percentage of the population that must get vaccinated to protect the population from an outbreak. If this threshold is not being under controlled, it can result in a mass public health issue. Why are there anti-vaxxers? Anti-Vaxxers are known for their disagreement towards vaccinating their child. They believe that the Polio vaccine cause Polio and the Flu shot causes the Flu. They consider that the preservatives in vaccinations are toxic and it may lead to autism. However, the preservatives in vaccinations are there to prevent microbes and bacteria from forming in these vaccinations. There are many celebrities who are leading this controversy: Donald Trump, Alicia Silverstone, Kat Von D, and Jenny McCarthy. Alicia Silverstone, known for her role in the iconic movie- Clueless, explained her anti-vaccination stance in her 2014 book. In her book she stated, While there has not been a conclusive study of the negative effects of such a rigorous one-size-fits-all, shootem-up schedule, there is increasing anecdotal evidence from doctors who have gotten distressed phone calls from parents claiming their child was ?never the same after receiving a vaccine. However, parents adviso r Ari Brown, M.D., a pediatrician in Austin, Texas, and author of Baby 411, told parents.com, Parents often have a hard time reasonably assessing the risks involved because theyve never had any experience with many of the diseases that vaccines prevent. But Ive seen children with serious cases of measles, mumps, and whooping cough, and I have seen a child die from chicken pox. I promise you that these are diseases you dont want your child to get. Jenny McCarthy has been extremely vocal about the stance, her son Evan was diagnosed with autism in 2005, she blamed her sons condition on the MMR shot received as a baby, among other vaccines. Our 45th President- Donald Trump, recently tweeted, Healthy young child goes to doctor, gets pumped with massive shot of many vaccines, doesnt feel good and changes- AUSTISM. Many such cases!. This theory has been widely disproven, according to the CDC, Dr. Offit said, According to the CDC, there is absolutely no link between vaccines and autism. Experts believe that the association between the MMR shot and autism is almost certainly coincidental. Children get their first dose of the MMR vaccine at 12 to 15 months, the age at which autism symptoms typically become noticeable. I believe that mommy bloggers and our 45th president should rethink their thoughts, because the realm of vaccine research has expanded and theres no hard-core evidence. How has the media presented this topic? The media focused on the Whakfield study in 1998, conducting the study was Dr. Wheatfield, he did it on twelve kids and found that there was an increased risk of getting autism if they got vaccines, more specifically- MMR vaccine. With a small sample to conduct ONLY twelve children, not a thousand or a hundred, popped us a red flag. His study shows that children had pervasive developmental disorder, affecting their GI tract, with a strong conclusion; some new type of autism, new phenotype of autism that manifested with GI symptoms and developmental regression, inferring that it has to do with the MMR vaccine. All of this set up the controversy, that autism has to do with vaccine. Wheatfield was paid $500,000 to create this link, because of a law company that wanted to make lawsuits, he claim that he found there was an increased rate, and his research was published. However, on that research paper 10 out of the 13 authors came out and retracted their statements, that there is a causation between autism and vaccines. Making the situation more suspicious, Wheatfields medical license was taken away. As a pro-vaxxer- myself, the realm research for vaccines has expanded. People are looking into the preservatives like thimerosal, and how that affects certain diseases and disorders. There is no direct evidence that vaccines cause autism and that is a fact. Plus, the public wouldnt allow vaccines to continue if there is evidence that vaccines causes autism, you have to have epidemiological studies, clinical trails and studies, and in-vitro replication web. Thimerosal a preservative in a lot of vaccines to prevent them from growing bacteria and etc. However, if it gets exceeded its not safe for children but there is no data that shows that the Thimerosal levels today cause any sort of central nervous system disorder. Before 1960, the amount of people that got measles was around 4 million and in 2005, there was 40 people, with no doubt- vaccines work or we would have polio and so many more diseases. Theres a shortage of vaccines throughout the world, unicef says that about one child di es every 20 seconds from a disease preventable by vaccines. I say, anti-vaxxers think again. In conclusion, I would rather see my child with autism than dead. I find it incredibly selfish for those who decided not to vaccinate their kids, because first youre putting your child in danger and secondly, youre putting other peoples children in danger. Throughout medical researchers and doctors, we can conclude that theres always a risk in everything. Just like putting on your seat belts, 1%-99% anything could happen, maybe its your own seat that kills you when youre in a car crash. But, putting on your seatbelt could save you from many damages, and a ticket. Right now, the information presented to you, shows that vaccines are good, they have higher benefits than risk, and they protect us. Mommy bloggers and celebrities does not have a degree like doctors. With no doubt vaccinate yourself and kids.

The Expectancy Violations Theory And Human Norms - 1299 Words

We have all heard the maxim â€Å"stick to the status quo.† The desire to adhere to societal norms influences our everyday actions and largely shapes how we interact with others. What happens when we stray from the norm and do something unexpected? For this assignment, Professor Striley, after explaining the expectancy violations theory, challenged her students to apply its concepts to violate a stranger’s expectations in public and record the subsequent response. Through this activity, I learned firsthand that low communicator reward valence potential could cause a seemingly ambiguous violation to seem negative. In this paper, I will first explain the expectancy violations theory and describe the expectancy my group violated for the assignment. Next, I will apply four concepts from the expectancy violations theory to my group’s violation. Finally, I will address my own reactions to my group’s violation and how it has further shaped by understanding of communicator reward valence and the expectancy violations theory as a whole. The expectancy violations theory is â€Å"about what happens when we act differently than others predict we will act† (Striley, 2015, p. 5). This fixed prediction stems from the idea that individuals generally adhere to social norms, which can be defined as â€Å"rules indicating how individuals are expected to behave in specific situations† (Striley, 2015, p. 7). For example, most people would not wear footie pajamas to a job interview because theyShow MoreRelatedExpectancy Violation Theory And Its Significance1650 Words   |  7 Pagesreviews expectancy violation theory and its significance in understanding interpersonal communication. The theory highlights the unexpected behavior of human being while interacting (Dainton, 2011). This theory is based on the reduction uncertainty where ambiguity on behaviors of others is reduced through interaction. Expectancy violations theory off ers some prospect to compare the personality of traditional empiricism with humanism. The theory was developed from the Nonverbal expectancy violation modelRead MoreThe Theory Of The Expectancy Violation Theory1668 Words   |  7 Pagespre-existing and external factors. Burgoon’s Expectancy Violations Theory analyses people’s reactions to unanticipated violations of social norms or expectations. This theory discusses many of the different factors that play a role when individuals form their expectancies such as context, relationship, communicator characteristics, and nonverbal communication. This paper analyses the pros and cons of the Expectancy Violation Theory. It argues why this theory satisfies enough of Griffin s six standardsRead MoreExpectancy Violation Theory1588 Words   |  7 PagesExpectancy Violation Theory Introduction â€Å"Expectancy violations exert significance on people’s interaction patterns, on their impressions of one another, and on the outcomes of their interactions† (Burgoon 1993:40). In other words, Judee Burgoon, founder of the expectancy violation theory, concluded from various experiments that people evaluate communication with others in a negative or positive regard, based on their expectation of the interaction and their opinion of the communicator. WhenRead MoreExpectancy Violation Theory1573 Words   |  7 PagesExpectancy Violation Theory Introduction â€Å"Expectancy violations exert significance on people’s interaction patterns, on their impressions of one another, and on the outcomes of their interactions† (Burgoon 1993:40). In other words, Judee Burgoon, founder of the expectancy violation theory, concluded from various experiments that people evaluate communication with others in a negative or positive regard, based on their expectation of the interaction and their opinion of the communicator. When peopleRead MoreThree Theories of Nonverbal Communication Essay1231 Words   |  5 Pagesthat this field is relatively recent there are many theories about our interaction with others. This paper will discuss the nonverbal expectancy theory along with two other theories, and describe how these theories can work together. Before it is possible to compare and contrast the three models, one must first be familiar with them. So what is the nonverbal expectancy theory, and how can it be of a benefit? This theory is based upon social norms within a conversation when dealing with strangersRead MoreInterpersonal Communication : The Heart And Soul Of Communication1366 Words   |  6 Pagessignificant others, and immediate others, before expanding to other areas of life. Through communication, scholars have been able to predict an array of different reactions through calculated uses of surveys and questionnaires. The Expectancy Violations Theory (EVT) model defines violation expectedness â€Å"as the extent to which behavior varies from the range of expected behavior† (Bevan, 2003). Where do individuals learn the range of what is deemed as expected behavior? Scholars understand that it is a combinationRead MoreExpectancy Violation Theory (Paper Rough Draft)1192 Words   |  5 PagesExpectancy Violati on Theory (Paper Rough Draft) â€Æ' Expectancy Violation Theory, or more commonly referred to as EVT, is the study of attempting to explain one’s reactions to unexpected behavior of their peers, and the various meanings that people attribute to the violation, or infringement, of their personal space. Judee Burgoon defines personal space as the invisible, variable volume of space surrounding an individual that defines that individual’s preferred distance from others. I will explainRead MoreInterpersonal Relationships And Its Effects On The Family And Community822 Words   |  4 Pagesinterpersonal relations and why people need them. In this quest, many theories, concepts, and axioms have been proposed to explain the complex notion of interpersonal relationships. This essay utilizes various theories and ideas to develop the ingredients of an effective interpersonal relationship. The theories will include the Symbolic Interaction, Expectancy Violations, Constructivism, Social Penetration, and Relational Di alectics Theory while the ideas will consist of non-verbal communication, self-conceptRead MorePersonal Space And Threat Threshold2014 Words   |  9 PagesTheory Summary According to Judgee Burgoon’s Expectancy Violation Theory, violating non-verbal expectancies, under certain conditions, can be more passive then conforming (Garard class-notes). This theory is applied to when an individual’s personal space and threat threshold is violated. Burgoon defines personal space as, â€Å" the invisible, variable volume of space surrounding an individual that defines that individual’s preferred distance from others† (Griffin 2012). The size and shape of our personalRead MoreEssay about Interpersonal Communication1845 Words   |  8 Pagescommunication theories, such as social identity theory, self-expansion theory, uncertainty reduction theory and expectancy violation theory, I learned more about myself, as well as my relationships and surroundings. Through communication, we socially construct our identities; how we see ourselves and how the world sees us. Our identity, from a young age through present age, constantly alters and changes through various interactions with different people and surroundings (Hall LaFrance). As humans, it is

JIT assessment Free Essays

KIT Technology Solutions Cost Analysis Daniel Sugars your school name here KIT Technology Solutions Cost Analysis There are a large variety of KIT Technology solutions In this nation because of the massive amounts of advanced technology that is introduced regularly. The online learning environment utilized a variety of these solutions to assist with communication, education, and demonstration in the internet classroom. The technologies of Microsoft office and audio/video capabilities can help ensure that the online student will be fully capable of completing every assignment ND project that they may find on their syllabus or that is asked for by their instructor. We will write a custom essay sample on JIT assessment or any similar topic only for you Order Now These programs are sometimes difficult to learn but relatively Inexpensive to purchase and use on their personal computer. Microsoft Office Programmable/ Video Technology’s//www. Microprocessor. Mom/store/mass/en_US/PDP/Office-365- Personal/product. 297833200http//www. Mad. Com/en-us/innovations/software- technologies/enhanced-mediate. 99 and up 100 to over challengers include learning the various options and how to operate them powerlessness’s include ending and adequate version that Is sufficient for all projects without being more than needed. Learning how to operate the video and audio program In a way that will produce proper projects to acquire an elevated grade. Benefits include ability to utilize excel, word and power point to complete class assignments and projects. Benefits include the ability to record class projects with audio as directed by the instructor. This program would also allow the individual to produce videos of birthdays, graduations and weddings. Microsoft office is a must for students because he Instructors assign many projects that Include the use of spread sheets, excel technology and power point presentations. This program Is Inexpensive and fairly easy to learn to use. There are videos to help the individual learn how to operate these programs to ensure they gain the benefits the program offers. Students may be capable of obtaining an adequate grade without this technology however, this technology would allow them to produce superior videos with audio for projects that allow videos In lieu of writing a long essay or term paper. The purchase and use of t least one of these programs would allow the students to more easily complete their assignments and projects In an efficient and effective manner. The purchase and proper use of both of these programs would make the individuals courses more manageable and help them to obtain the best high school or college online experience available. Online courses are difficult at best but with the proper tools they are easily mastered by the Individuals participating in them. This experience is like most others when you have the resources necessary to efficiently, effectively and successfully complete the tasks the mastery and successful completion Is more accessible and possible. How to cite JIT assessment, Papers

HALLOWEEN Essay Example For Students

HALLOWEEN Essay Have you ever wondered about the origins of children in costumes roaming door-to-door for treats, or why we carve pumpkins into jack-o-lanterns? The word HALLOWEEN Essay actually comes from the Celtic language of Ireland. It comes from a contraction of All Hallows Eve, the evening before All Saints Day, November 1, which is celebrated in the Catholic religion in honor of saints. All Saints Day also coincided with the Celtic New Year, which began November 1st and the celebration of the harvest. On All Hallows Eve, the Celts observed Samhain (pronounced Sah-ween). It was the largest and most significant holiday of the Celtic year. The immigrants brought their own customs as well as making new customs in America. In Ireland people lit candles and placed them in turnips as jack-o-lanterns, but when coming to the new world they found that carving pumpkins and putting candles in them was a much better way to make a jack-o-lantern. The original jack-o-lantern came to be when a man named Jack made a deal with the devil to treat him kindly throughout the year. Well Jack died and was turned away from the gates of heaven, but he was also turned away from the gates of Hell because the devil had promised to treat him well. Instead the Devil gave Jack a lantern made with a candle put into a turnip. Ever since then people say Jack has roamed the earth carrying the lantern and that is how the Jack-o-lantern got its name. The witch is the universal symbol of Halloween. The name witch comes from saxon wica meaning wise one. When setting out for a sabbath witches rubbed a sacred ointment onto their skin, this gave them the feeling of flying, if the witch was fasting they got an even better feeling of flying. Some witches rode horses but the poor ones carried a broomstick to help them keep balanced when jumping over rivers. When a witch was being initiated they were blindfolded, had flying ointment put on their face and placed on a broomstick. The ointment confused the mind, sped up the pulse and numbed the feet. The soon to be witch was told she was flying over land and sea and always took the initiators word for it. Until the end of World War two Halloween was a time for adults to party and teenagers to play pranks. After the war parents saw Halloween as a fun holiday to include their children. Except in 1970 a child was killed after eating a pixie stix poisoned with cyninde. It turned out that the childs father poisoned the pixie stix so he could collect money from the childs insurance policy. Even after this and other fatal incidents Halloween is still enthusiastically celebrated, in fact it is the second most celebrated holiday next to Christmas. The House On Mango Street Essay Today Halloween is celebrated for the fun of dressing up in costumes and going around to collect candy. There is no real purpose to celebrate this holiday other than to follow tradition. Just because we are not trying to prevent spirits from roaming the earth does not mean that they are resting peacefully in there grave. .

Work Life Balance Prioritizing

Question: Essay on Work-Life Balance. Answer: Abstract Work-life-balance is related properly prioritizing the work and the life of the employees by the employer of the organization. The leaders of the organization should assist the employees in understanding their job role properly accordingly prioritizing their jobs so that they can easily complete their jobs in time and make a space for their personal life. However, the concept of work-life-balance has been changed in some organizations due to their requirement of cost cutting of the organization. The study has been analyzed the statement of Juliet Bourke that states that the flexibility has been moved away from its original paradigm. It has been found that many organizations use the concept of work-life-balance as a way of redundancies in the organizations. The study also has been discussed the implication of excessive working hours on the performance of the employees as well as managers. Excessive working hours leads to health issues and personal life issues of the employees. Lastly, the study has been discussed the way in which the employers may bring flexibility in the organization during economic downturn of the organization. In this time, the employers have to properly allocate the human resources for the efficient productivity of the organizations. Key Word: Work-life balance, organization, managers, flexibility, performance Introduction Flexible working hours and work life balance are important factors for organization, as it increases the motivation of the employees that leads to high quality output (Purce, 2014). Many organizations are focused on reducing the cost of the organization through redesigning the organizational operation. They are focused on reducing the pay rolls, as it is the costliest things for the organization. On the other hand, many other organizations are interested in providing better work life balance to the employees for reducing redundancies (Storey, 2014). These kinds of organizations are providing flexible working hours to the employees for giving more space in their personal life. The meaning of work-life-balance is different in different organizations as per their needs. The study will discuss the justification of Juliet Bourke on her statement that flexibility has been moved away from its original paradigm. Apart from that, the study will also describe the implication of excessive worki ng hours on the performance of the employees and manager. The study will demonstrate the way the employers could facilitate work-life-balance on the time of economic downturn. Discussion In the previous era, talent acquisition was as kind of war for the employers, whereas now the employer seems to be reluctant in this area regarding their investment (Jiang et al., 2012). Nowadays, employers are highly focused on arranging the work, reducing the week of the work and initiating part time work with enhanced flexibility so that the organization could retain their employees for a longer time. Therefore, some employers are now doing foreseeable reduction in the staff of the organization, which is leading to an opportunity for redesigning the job roles and making the criteria of the job in such as way that simultaneously make the work life and personal life of the employees balanced. Juliet Bourke is not entirely satisfied with the reshaping of flexibility of the work. Juliet Bourke has argued that though workplace flexibility could minimize the overhead of the employees, the motive of workplace flexibility has been shifted and it is not in favor of betterment. As per Julie t Bourke, flexibility in todays organization is all about extracting more from fewer employees and it is very different from previous paradigm. The employer of organization may use economic crisis as the best opportunity for using work flexibility in a vicious way. The employers may reduce the time of work for some employees who are not needed at that time and put additional workload to some other employees that increases working time on those employees leading to overload of work (Alfes et al., 2013). Therefore, workplace flexibility is not ensuring win-win situation for the employees as well as employers in most cases. The intension of workplace flexibility is to benefit the people of the organization both horizontally and vertically, some organizations still need to develop sustainable solutions towards workplace flexibility and redesigning of work. While considering downturn, a situation might happen, where demand for client could be decreased (Buller McEvoy, 2012). Because of this downturn, the working hours for the employees might be reduced with flexible work environment and making work life balance of the employees. The prime element of this approach involves inclusive program of employee assistance and employees flexibility that assists in developing the adaptive, diverse and high performing workforce. These kinds of employees assist in meeting the existing and future needs of the organization. Leave options and voluntary lithe work provided by the organization may lead to reduced redundancy (Jiang et al., 2012). The organization may provide salary and wage according to the leave attended by the employees. Irrespective of strong culture in work life balance, some organizations inescapably need redundancy in workplace. However, the executive and high-level management has identified the benefit of work-life-balance strategi es and thus they have explored many new ways for balancing the work life and personal life of the employees minimizing the cost of the organization as well as redundancies. On the other hand, work-life-balance is related to provide effective working ways to the employees of all types of employees in terms of part time and full time. Frequent redundancies come in flexible working condition, natural attrition and redeployment when there is downturn in the organizations. In such cases, the employees have to stay sprightly in their working areas. In future days, the economy might pick up and the demand of the employees might be increased by increasing the urge of talent acquisition. According to Kehoe and Wright, (2013), the employees of the organization have concept that they have to work very hard in downturn situation. On the other hand, Armstrong, (2014) opined that overload in work may influence the employee engagement of the organization. This may in turn negatively affect the discretionary effort and productivity of the employees. The intension of organizations in getting more output from fewer employees may not always be effective and productive of the organization due to lack of engagement of the employees. According to Waiganjo et al., (2012), in order for increasing the sales volume and saving the cost of the organization towards increasing the profitability, it is expected that the employees would do according to needs of the organization for acquiring the set outcome. On the other hand, Nyberg et al., (2012) opined that forcing employees to do job as per the ser ways of organization may disengaged the employees and increases the time of required for actually completing the task. Unless and until the organization brings structural efficiencies in the workplace against the redundancy program, they may restrict themselves in getting more output from fewer employees. Therefore, it can be said that workplace flexibility has been moved away from its original paradigm that is foreseeable. Advantages and disadvantages are associated with it but if this situation is properly handled by the organization it may provide effective work-life-balance to the workforce. In order to complete the task and maintain their responsibility, employees work in different way in the organization. According to the requirement of the organization, excessive work of the organization can be categorized into different ways namely overtime, extended commute time, stretched hour per day and overtime hours. According to Al Ariss et al., (2014), excessive working hours may have negative influence on the employees and even the people associated with the employees like their family, community and employers. On the other hand, Park and Shaw, (2013) opined that long working hours have complicated connection with risk, as long working hour strongly influenced through employee control, job, non-work responsibilities and social life abnormalities. The implication of excessive working hours may lead to high level of stress, sleeplessness, limited time for families and other associated personal responsibilities. Excessive working hours may also harmfully affect the human body, disorder, exhaustion, uncomfortable and negative attitude of the employees towards their job role. According to Pierce and Aguinis, (2013), the managers of the organizations may also be negatively affected by the excessive working hours of the employees. Due to long working hours, attrition rate of the employees may be increased and thus, it may lead to delay in production process. When there is delay in production process, the production cost of the organization is increased and therefore, it hampers the actual profitability of the organization. On the other hand, Campbell et al., (2012) opined that the manger also negative influenced by the long working hours of the employees. Due to excessive working hour, employees do not work in the organization eagerly and do not give their best for producing high quality products. In such a situation, lethargy of employees towards their job role lead to cheap and low quality products and services produced in the organization by the employees. The community also influenced by the stunted approach of the employees towards their life in terms of medical errors, industrial mishap and automobile accidents. According to Langley et al., (2013), excessive working hours for the employees, who works for 24 hours at a stretch, may lead to decline in attention, continuous attention and alertness that results in poor diagnosis of diseases. On the other hand, Vaiman et al., (2012) opined that excessive working hours and pressure causes stress of the employees and their neck nerves to be strained due to long sitting in their working areas. According to Purce, (2014), if the employees have to work for long hours at a stretch, it can negatively affect the health of the employees. On the other hand, Storey, (2014) opined that due to long working hours, the employees may feel demotivated in the workplace if the working hours is not compensated by incentives. In order to decrease the demotivation of the employees towards their job role, the higher authority of the organization should properly define the responsibilities of the employees and accordingly provide incentives on the accomplishment of the job. Therefore, if the employers want to make the employees for working for long hours, then the employees should be motivated well through catering their psychological matter and provided with incentives on extra works. In absence of this things, the employees may lose their effectivity and may not perform their job role efficiently through not maintaining their responsibility. According to Jiang et al., (2012), at the time of economic downturn, employers need to facilitate suitable exploitation of resources so that none of the asset is predominantly overburdened. For example, if an organization thinks of retaining only its core employees, then it will be able to restore its financial resources. On the other hand, if an organization tries to reduce its optional expenditures then it will be able to retrain capital for compensating its human resource. This is because if an organization fails to retain its employees at the time of economic downturn, then it will surely fail to allocate best experienced candidates at the time of economic boom. On the other hand, Jiang et al., (2012) argued that for work-life balance, an organization needs to diversify its earning capabilities, so that the effect of national economic doom does not affect the revenue pattern. Therefore, it can be said that the concerned organization needs to ensure international business so that exchange rate increases the earning capability. Finally, it can be said that if an organization is able to retain its revenue at the time of economic downturn, then it will be able to maintain work-life balance. According to Waiganjo et al., (2012), at the time of economic downturn, the unemployment rate increases, as organizations fail to pay a huge human resource. Organizations only try to retain best and experienced candidates so that amount of performance is not reduced with ineffective workers. On the other hand, Park and Shaw, (2013) pointed out that at the time of economic downturn, some multinational organizations try to ensure training and development of its existing employees so that at the time of economic boom, human resource deliver the optimum outcome. Therefore, from the argument it can be said that organizations need to train and develop its human resource at the time of economic downturn, which will in turn ensure how to maintain work-life balance. Employees will get ample training regarding how to maintain work pressure, which will help the organization to retain such human resource during economic boom. According to Nyberg et al., (2014), the main focus for the employers at the time of economic downturn must be employee retention. For such motive, employers need to ensure effective working hours, flexible shift timing and allowance for work-from-home. Campbell et al., (2012) added that employers need not to ensure monetary recognition or financial benefits, but rather needs to give flexibility to its employees. Armstrong, (2014) pointed out that work-life balance at the time economic doom certainly leads to negative business impact, but if the business units are increased, then the amount of collective revenue will remain unaltered. This will lead to work-life balance. Therefore, from the views of the authors it can be said that employers need to entertain employees by good relationship, flexible working hours and special shift timing. It has been quite sure that the most important factor that conceives employers at the time of economic doom is finance. Therefore, if the organizatio ns are able to reduce the financial benefits and focus on work-file balance by flexibility, then it will surely able to retain enormous employees. Conclusion While concluding the study, it can be said that in todays organization, the time and hours of the employees is changing and this quick changes requires flexibility in the work environment for ensuring customer expectation through better product and service produced by the employees. In order to meet the business requirement, individual expectation of the employees should also be met through providing better work life balance. However, it has been found that some organizations are not providing better work-life-balance to the employees and making the employees work for excessive hours. Excessive working hours may have harmful effect on the health and personal life of the employees. Long working hours of employees may also negatively influence the employees through getting cheap and low quality products and service produced by the employees. 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